This writing is useful for those that wish to get started with Linux commands. Here you will find the most common commands that are used in Linux.
If you would like to run Linux commands on Windows then install Cygwin. Cygwin is a Linux layer on top of Windows that allows you to use Linux commands in Windows.
If you install Cygwin on Windows then the default path when you start the Cygwin terminal will be:
C:\cygwin64\home\{username}
Create new notepad file example
touch textfile.txt
Change directory
cd {directory path\name}
List directory content in long format ( -l ) including hidden files and directories ( -a )
ls -l -a
ls -al
Order files and directories by the time they were last modified
ls -t
List directory with pause and scrolling
ls -l | less
Show current location (print working directory)
pwd
Extract last 100 words of a file
tail -100 {filename.extension}
Extract first 100 rows of a file
head -100 {filename.extension}
Copy a file
cp {source} {destination}
Move a file
mv {source} {destination}
Make a new directory
mkdir {new directory name}
Delete file
rm {filename}
Delete an empty directory
rmdir {directory to remove}
rm -d{directory to remove}
Delete directory and its contents
rm -r {directory to remove}
rm -R{directory to remove}
Sort the contents of a file
sort {filename to sort}
Remove duplicate entries in a file
uniq {filename to remove duplicates}
Compress files
gzip {filename}
Compress directory
gzip -r {directory name}
Count the number of rows and words in a text file
wc {filename}
Search text within files for matching string pattern (case sensitive)
grep 'word' {filename}
Search text within files for matching string pattern (case insensitive)
grep -i 'word' {filename}
Search with a directory
grep -R Arctic /home/ccuser/workspace/geography
Display content of a text file
cat
sed stream editor (similar to find and replace)
sed 's/snow/rain/' forests.txt
Change file and directory permissions
chmod {options} {permissions} {filename}
List recent commands used
history
Automatically schedule tasks
cron
crontab
Change file permissions
chmod {permission number} {some file or directory}
chmod 777 /storage
Change recursive file permissions
chmod -R {permission number} {some file or directory}